Top Free Navodaya EVS Question Passage 1 to 10 – JNV Class 6 2027

The Ganga is one of the holiest and longest rivers of India. It begins as a small stream from a glacier called Gomukh in the Himalayas. At first it is a tiny stream, but as it flows down the mountains, many other rivers join it and it grows bigger. The Ganga flows through states such as Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. It waters the farmers’ fields, gives people drinking water, and has helped many cities grow along its banks. Finally, the Ganga meets the Bay of Bengal. Millions of people live along this river and worship it like a mother.

The Himalayas lie to the north of India and form the highest mountain range in the world. The word “Himalaya” comes from two words — “Him” meaning snow and “Alaya” meaning home. Together it means “home of snow.” Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, is also located in the Himalayas. The Himalayas protect India from cold winds and desert storms. The melting snow of these mountains gives birth to great rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna and Brahmaputra. Animals such as the snow leopard and musk deer are found in the Himalayas. People living in hilly areas wear woollen clothes and live in wooden or stone houses because it is very cold there.

Long ago, people walked from one place to another or rode on animals. People used bullock carts and horse carts to carry goods. Slowly, humans invented the wheel, which made transport easier. Over time, the bicycle was made, and then came the steam engine train. After that, motor cars, buses and aeroplanes were invented. Today we travel using many means such as buses, trains, cars and aeroplanes. Boats and ships were made to travel on water. Means of transport have made people’s lives easier because now we can reach far-off places in much less time.

Forests are home to many kinds of trees, plants and animals. Big animals like lions, tigers, elephants and deer live in dense forests. Elephants live in herds and take great care of their young ones. Tigers prefer to hunt alone, and their stripes help them hide among the trees and plants. Forests also have large trees like the banyan and peepal, which give shade and food to many birds and animals. Forests give us wood, fruits, herbs and clean air. If we keep cutting down forests, these animals will lose their homes. So it is very important to save forests and wild animals.

Ponds and rivers are also home to many living things. Fish use their gills, not lungs, to breathe underwater. The lotus flower grows on the surface of pond water, but its roots stay in the mud below. The frog is a unique creature because it can live both in water and on land. A duck’s feet have webbing (net-like skin) that helps it swim easily in water. The turtle can also live both in water and on land, and it hides inside its shell when it senses danger. It is important to keep pond water clean, because dirty water can make all these creatures fall sick.

Every year during the rainy season, many areas receive very heavy rainfall. When rivers fill up with so much water that it crosses the banks and spreads into villages and fields, it is called a flood. Floods break homes, spoil crops, and often people and animals have to move to safer places. During floods, clean water becomes scarce, which increases the risk of diseases spreading. The government uses boats and helicopters to rescue people during floods and provides them food and water in relief camps. Planting trees and building earthen embankments along riverbanks can help prevent floods.

There are many large rocky layers under the Earth, called plates. When these plates collide or slip against each other, the ground begins to shake, and this is called an earthquake. An earthquake can bring down buildings within seconds, which is why it is very dangerous. The safest thing to do during an earthquake is to hide under a strong table and protect your head and neck. If you are outside, you should stand in an open area, away from trees, electric poles and buildings. Lifts should never be used; stairs should always be used instead. Schools conduct mock drills from time to time to prepare students for earthquakes.

Different types of houses are built in different places according to the weather and the materials available there. In hot and dry areas, people build houses of mud and straw, which keeps the inside cool. In very cold areas, like Ladakh, people build houses with thick walls made of stone and wood so that the cold cannot enter. In coastal areas, people build houses using bamboo and coconut leaves because these materials are easily available there. In cities today, houses are built with bricks, cement and iron, making them strong and long-lasting. This is why houses in every place differ according to the local weather and materials.

Water moves around the Earth in a cycle, which is called the water cycle. The sun’s heat turns water from rivers, lakes and the sea into vapour, which rises into the air — this process is called evaporation. This vapour rises high into the sky, cools down and changes into tiny droplets, which come together to form clouds. This process is called condensation. When the clouds become heavy, water drops fall to the ground as rain — this is called precipitation. This rainwater then flows back into rivers, lakes and soaks into the ground. In this way, water keeps moving around in the same cycle again and again and never runs out.

During winter, some special birds fly to India from very far, cold countries — these are called migratory birds. Birds like the Siberian crane fly thousands of kilometres from the icy regions of Siberia to lakes in India, because here they find food and warm weather. Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, and some lakes in Gujarat are famous for migratory birds. These birds spend a few winter months here and return to their own country before summer arrives. Birds use the sun, stars and the Earth’s magnetic field to find their way. To protect these birds, it is important to keep lakes and wetlands clean and safe.